Sean Worthington
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Cryptomorphs
  1. Copyright
  2. Part I: Introduction and Thesis
    1. Chapter 1: The Mystery of the Clay Tokens
    2. Chapter 2: What Is Money?
    3. Chapter 3: The Theory in Brief
  3. Part II: Evidence for Plain Tokens as Money
    1. Chapter 4: Timeline - Money Came First
    2. Chapter 5: Geography - Too Widespread for Coordination
    3. Chapter 6: Context - Found Where Money Would Be
    4. Chapter 7: The Seal and Envelope System
    5. Chapter 8: Burials and Hearths - Treating Tokens as Wealth
    6. Chapter 9: The Godin Tepe Gatehouse
  4. Part III: Demolishing the Commodity-Counter Theory
    1. Chapter 10: Tokens Survived Writing by Seven Thousand Years
    2. Chapter 11: The Symbol Shortage
    3. Chapter 12: The Oppenheim Tablet
    4. Chapter 13: Accounting Requires Money First
  5. Part IV: Complex Tokens - The Ration Card System
    1. Chapter 14: The Rise of the Temple State
    2. Chapter 15: Complex Tokens as Ration Cards
  6. Part V: Implications and Conclusions
    1. Chapter 16: Money Created Civilization
    2. Chapter 17: The Corruption - From Capitalism to Communism
    3. Chapter 18: Modern Implications
    4. Chapter 19: Conclusions
  7. References and Bibliography
  8. Appendices
Books / Cryptomorphs

PART II

EVIDENCE FOR PLAIN TOKENS AS MONEY

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© 2026 Sean Worthington

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